Advice is inspired by Robert Hoberman (personal telecommunications). Which seems to be generally associate of your own Jewish dialects out-of many other locations associated with the region also, in addition to Aqra and you may Rawanduz.
However, in this dialect there was a highly uncommon transform out-of h to h on the third individual just one possessive suffixes: resIh ‘his head’
Azerbaijan (Azer): The words of the Jews of Iranian Azerbaijan, and teams within the Urmi, Salmas, Basqale, Mahabad, and you may Yuksekova. Info is regarding Garbell (1965).
Halabja (Hala): The text of your Jews from Halabja to the Iran-Iraq border. This is very nearby the Jewish dialects of almost every other towns of one’s part, including Saqqiz, Suleimaniya, Sanandaj, Baneh, and you may Panjwin. Information is inspired by my personal cards.
We shall evaluate such languages pertaining to twenty-five phonological, morphological, morpho-lexical, and lexical requirements. Following the Hetzron (1976, 98), i’ve chose just designs just like the conditions getting category. We have picked an excellent disproportionate level of morphological criteria, and then we shall provide them with special pounds, once again adopting the Hetzron, but other common innovations would be regarded as better.
Notice also the more difficult maintenance plus insertion off in Koy Sanjaq claimed of the Hoberman (1985)
As we evaluate the latest dialects of NENA we will just be sure to determine the brand new extent that the brand new dialects show a definite trend and therefore is different from Turoyo and Mandaic. Meanwhile, we shall select bundles of isoglosses within this NENA.
(1) Worry can be penultimate in most the latest NA languages, together with Turoyo and Mandaic not on about three easternmost Jewish dialects, Jewish Azerbaijani, Koy Sanjaq, and you can Halabja, which generally fret the past syllable. These types of dialects take a look, in this way, as with additional (Garbell 1965), to show an abnormally strong determine away from Kurdish.
(2) The NENA dialects has actually matched h and you will x. In the Hertevin the result is h, and you may https://datingranking.net/cs/muslima-recenze/ almost everywhere otherwise it is x: Hertevin haye ‘life’ (Jastrow 1988, 189) and you can dmehli ‘I slept’ (Jastrow 1988, 18), Tkhuma xa:[Theta]a beneficial ‘new’, Jilu ptIxli ‘I opened’ (Fox 1992, 45), and you will +damxotu ‘you sleep’ (Fox 1992, 55).(4)
Each other Turoyo and you can Mandaic retain independent h and x. Particular NENA dialects keeps reintroduced h since the a credit from Kurdish or Arabic otherwise out of Ancient Syriac or Hebrew.(5) But not, the fresh passed down code constantly reveals x. Such as, from inside the Tisqopa you’ll find lent Arabic terms and conditions, like sahabi ‘friend’, having h, however, passed down terminology eg laxma ‘bread’ continuously let you know x. (6)
(3) The NENA languages but Hertevin and Zakho have lost extremely circumstances of passed on. Instance, inside the Aradhin we find arba ‘four’, upra ‘earth’ corresponding to Syriac arb an effective and you will afra. From inside the Hertevin and in Zakho, passed down is regularly ?: Hertevin so?a good ‘seven’ (Jastrow 1988, 99), Zakho sme?la ‘she heard’ (Meehan and you may Alon 1979, 189). In many most other languages most are kept since the ?, and you may, on the others, is fully gone totally. Some dialects have reintroduced lent from Arabic otherwise Kurdish. Like, Halabja possess ayza ‘good’.
(4) Inside the earlier languages out-of Aramaic, such as Tiberian Hebrew, t turned [Theta] once a good vowel. Which alternation has been lexicalized inside the NENA, that have possibly t otherwise [Theta] distributed by way of entire paradigms, if preceded by good vowel or not. Such as, inside the Aradhin the fresh verb ‘come’ now has [Theta] throughout: a[Theta]ya ‘it (fem.) comes’, but also [Theta]e:la ‘she came’ (Krotkoff 1982, 70, 74). Subsequent, in certain languages the phoneme [Theta] possess been through a lot more changes. In some dialects [Theta] features merged back into t, as well as in other people it’s become s if not l.(7) In one single dialect, Jilu, it’s become h then come erased except within beginning of a keyword. The 3 easternmost Jewish dialects share the newest shocking move away from [Theta] to one. The results of these alter can be seen regarding phrase ‘house’ hence seems in numerous languages due to the fact feel:[Theta]a (Tkhuma), biya (Jilu), beta (Hertevin), bela (Halabja), and besa (Sanandaj Christian).
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